Method and mechanism for finishing rolls



T. V. BUCKWALTER.

MvTHOD ANDMECHANISM FOR FINISHING ROLLS. APPLICATION HLEUMNJB, 191s.

1,373,05 1 Patented Mar. 29, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

TV. BUCKWALTERA METHOD AND MECHANISM FOR FINISHING ROLLS.

APPLlcAlou man 1AN.28, 191s.

Patenfd M1229, 1921.

` 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` T. V. BUCKWALTER.

METHOD AND MEcHANlSYM Fon FINISHING ROLLS.

l APPLICATION FILED .IMLZBI 1918.

Patented M211. 29,1921.

5 shams-SHEET s.

T.`V. BUCKWALTER. METHOD ANO MEOHANISM FOR FINISHING ROLLS.

' APPLICATION FILED IAN.2B, 1918. 1,373,051.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4 Patented Mar. 29, 1921.

T. V. BUCKWALTERI METHOD ANO MECHANISM FOR FINISHING ROLLS.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.28, I-9I8.

1 ,373,051'. Patend Mar. 29, 1921.

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LEB, BEARING METHOD AND MECHANISM FOR FINISHING ROLLS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 29, 1921.

Application led January 28, 1918. Serial No. 214,068.

To all whom, t may conceive.'

Be it known that I, TRACY V. BUCK- ivALTER, a citizen of the'llnited States, residing atCanton, in the countyof Stark and State of Ohio, have invented an Improved Method and Mechanism for Finishing Rolls, 'if which thefollowiiig is a specification.v

This invention has as its primary object to finish rolls to the true forni desired in. a simple manner and more particularly to obtain superior rolls inexpensively through a single burnishing operation producing true forni, especially for conical bearing rolls having several bearing surfaces.

In the manufacture of bearing rolls, it has been usual heretofore to obtain the approximate form desired by means of a machine tool, then hardening and `thereafter grindl ing the hardened rolls as closely as practi cable to the desired surfaces, but the accuracy of surfaces and dimensions that are illesirable cannot be obtained by grinding. "Where several grinding operations are rei'piired, as in the conventional method of finishing the peripheral and end surfaces of a roll, the work is expensive and it is not practicable to obtain the concentricity of surfaces which it is important to obtain in al roll, there being usually slight eccentricities in the rolls which prevent uniform rolling action, produce unequal distribution of loads, and result in the chipping of the corners of the rolls` particularly before the rolls of a set have worn down to take their due proportions of the load or where the load is not equally distributed. y

As conical bearing rolls are required to carry radial and thrust loads, it is important that the conical surface or surfaces which take the thrust loads shall be concentric with respect to the conical surface i' surfaces which take the radial loads, as well as that they shall be true conical surfaces, since otherwise the rolls will be thrown away from their correct relation, they will not contact along the true cone elements, the desired uniformity of action will not be obtained, the hearings will be furthei distorted, and breakage will result which otherwise would be avoided.

In accordance with my invention, in the application thereof here illustrated, each' roll is provided with three peripheral surfaces of conical form, the cone`elements of the surface at the smalle-rend of the roll axis than forming a larger vangle and the cone elements of the surface at the larger end of the roll forming a smaller angle with the the cone elements bf the intermediate conical surface forming the bulk of the periphery and designed for carrying the radial load initially, and in addition thereto the rolls are providedwith truncated end s having conical surfaces adapted for taking thrust loads, such end surfaces being concentric with the respective peripheral surfaces adapted for taking the radial loads and formed by the same mechanism simultaneously therewith.

The rolls thus finished by burnishing are not only true but the rolling operation between liard steel dies, to which they are subjected, has a refining influence not obtained by the cutting action of a grinding wheel, such burnished rolls havin a superior surface quality in the texture of the metal.

lVhile the primary object is the production of true bearing rolls of closer uniformity and better Wearing qualities, it will be understood that these characteristics are useful in other relations, :is in steel pins for various uses.

The nature and 'characteristic features of my invention are fully disclosed in the following description and the accompanying drawings inillustration thereof.

In the drawings, Figure l is an eleva tion of a machine comprised in my invention; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the ysame at right angles to the position shown in F ig. 1; Fig. 3 is a broken sectional view on an enlarged scale; taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. l; Fig. 4lis a broken sectional vitv, taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an irregular sectional view, taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the spacig rings; Fig. 7 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale showing the dies separated, the finished rolls discharging through the bed` the cage descending to receive the succeeding set of green rolls, and the feed gear rising to deliver thereto the set of green rolls which it carries; Fig. 8 is a profile of the master die: and Fig. 9 is a sectional view through a cup and cone having between them rolls finished in accordance with my inven* tion.

The machine illustrated comprises a housing l provided with a bed 2 in which is fixed a circular steel die 3 having a shoulder 4 and a hardened conical face 5.

A revoluble head 6 has fixed thereon a circular steel die 7 having the face 8 composed of the concentric hardened conical surfaces 8, 8, 8b and 8c concentric with the surface 5 and conforming to the surfaces of the rolls which are to be burnished by rolling them between the dies.,

The head 6 has the conical bearing surface 9 within its die 7 and the oppositely inclined conical bearing surface 10 within its ring 11, which surfaces engage the respective conical rollers 12 and 13 bearing on the respective oppositely inclined cones 14 and 15 fixed on a sleeve 16, such bearings maintaining the alinement of the. head as well as reducing friction in the revolution thereof.

The sleeve 16 makes a slip fit with and is movable verticall on a column 17 fixed in the bed 2, and 1s adapted to rest .on the spacing rings 18 and 19 carried by the bed. These rings'have the respective inclined or helical surfaces 20 and 21 for adjusting the elevation of the ring 19 by turning the ring 18, thereby adjusting the elevation of the parts 16 and 6, with their connections, and the final relation of the die 7 to the die 3 for 'finishing the burnishing of rolls of different sizes. The ring 18 is turned by means of the worm segment 22 thereon and the engaging Worm shaft 23 journaled in the bed 2, the adjustment being made by means of a micrometer 24 to effect diameter changes within .00025 which is desirable for varying diameters to avoid the necessity for extreme accuracy in grinding cups and cones.

The head 6 is revolved continuously at a comparatively high speed by means of a helical gear 25 fixed thereon and engaglng a helical gear 26 fixed on the shaft 27, the latter being journaled in the housing and driven by a sprocket wheel 28.

A shaft 29, journaled in the housing and driven by a pulley 30, is provided with a worm v31 which drives, at a comparatively low speed, a worm wheel 32 fixed on 'a shaft 33, the latter being journaled in the housing. The shaft 33 has fixed thereon the cams 34 and 35 and the beveled gear 36, for effecting the following operations in syn chronized relation.

The cam 34 engages a roller 37 in the lower end of a rod 38 having a free movement vertically in the column 17 through which it extends. The rod 38 is connected by a cap 39 with the sleeve 16, which is adapted .to be elevated thereby, to elevate the head 6 with its die 7 and the cage 40 having the seats 41 for holding the rolls between the dies; the sleeve 16 having av lip 16 which, at a proper point in its upward movement, engages and elevates the cage to release (following the withdrawal of the die 7 thereimacat.

from) the finished rolls held thereby, permitting them to drop through the conduits 2 of the bed into the trough 42 for re ceiving them as well as the oil in which they are burnished. A guard 42 catches the splash of oil from the rolls in process of burnishing and directs it to the trough` whence it is drained off and returned to the rolls in process of treatment.

A coiled spring 43, which bears against a seat 44 adjustable in the housing and a seat 45 adjustable along the rod 38, acts through the rod on the sleeve 16 and the connected head 6 to apply the necessary pressune to the rolls in process of burnis'hing between the dies 3 and 7, the desired tension of the spring being obtained by turning down the seat 44 or adjusting the seat 45 by turning up the nut 46 supporting it on the rod.

The cams 35 act upon levers 47 having the fulcrums 48 and being connected with the rods 49, which are reciprocated thereby through the bed 2. The feed gear 50 is elevated by the upward movement of these rods to a height which is adjustable by adjusting the nuts 49 connecting the levers with the rods.

The beveled gear 36 engages a bevel pinion 51 fixed on a shaft 52 which is journaled in the housing; the shaft having a gear wheel 53 fixed thereon which engages the feed gear 50 and revolves it on the bed 2.

The feed gear 50 is provided with the seats 50 approximately the length of a roll and arranged in a conical ring around the shoulder 4 on the die 3 to which the green rolls are delivered from a chute 54, the feeding being facilitated by vibrating the chute in any suit-able manner.

The finished roll 55 has the conical surface 55 at its larger end for taking up thrusts against the lip 56 of the cone 56 (Fig. 9) and the conical )eripheral surface 55, extending say threeourths of thc roll length, for carrying the initial radial lm'l transmitted between the cone 56 and the cn-` 57. The periphery of the roll has the conical surface 55b at the smaller end, with a slightly greater inclination to the axis of the roll than the surface 55, and the conical surface 55c at the larger end, with a slightly smaller inclination to the axis than the surface 552 The reduced surfaces 55b and 55 are formed to throw initially the radial load wholly on the intermediate surface 55 and avoid the undersirable effects of inaccuracies of workmanship, as a result of which radial loads are unequally distributed and improperly imposed upon the end of the roll before the component parts of the bearing are worn to distribute the load properly.

In the operation, with the mechanism in the position illustrated in Fig. 3, the head 6 is revolved at a comparatively high speed, by its dr1ving mechanism described, and its imanes-i.

die is revolved thereby in contact with rolls 55 held on the' die 3 by the cage 40, whereby the rolls are revolved andburnished under a pressure adjustable by means of the spring 43. Simultaneously with the revolution of the head 6 and the burnishing of the rolls, the feed gear 50 is revolved .slowly on the bed 2, by its driving mechanism described, and green rolls are delivered from the chute 54 to the seats 50 of such gear, which is fully charged thereby. 1 lVhen the head 6 has traveled through the numbery of revolutions necessary for "burnishing fthe sets of rolls between the dies, the cam 34 elevates the connected rod 38, sleeve 16 and head 6, as also the die .7 and cage 40,50 as to free the finished rolls, which drop` from the face of the die 3 through the conduits 2 into the `trough 42. As the cam 34 continues its revolution, the parts 38, 16 and 6 descend, the cage 40 moving down therewith until engaged by the bed 2 and die 3 in the downward movement of the die 7, which is held temporarily or caused to dwell in such movement by reason of the shape of the cam 34 to permit the delivery of the rolls to the cage. Simultaneously with this arrested downward movement, the cams 35 act through the levers 47 on the rods i9 to elevate the'feed gear 50, `which delivers the green rolls carried thereby upon the surface of the die 3, in lthe pockets of the cage 4-0. 'llhe continued revolution of the cams 34 and 35 brings .the die 7 into contact with the green rolls and lowers the gear 50 on the bed 2, for receiving its further charge of creen rolls while its previous charge is eing burnished. 4

The burnished rolls are then hardened and ready for use.

Rolls finished in this manner may be truncated in the manner described because in rolling them between dies there is no necessity for the usualend construction required for holding and revolving them in contact with a grinding wheel.

It is to be understood that ltheterm bearing as used in the claims` comprehends devices other than anti-friction rollers, as pins for holding parts together.

Having described my invention, I claim:

l. The combination with a die having a conical surface, of a die having a plurality of conical surfaces concentric with said surface first named, and means for revolving one of said dies with relation to the other.

2. The combination with a pair of dies adapted for consolidating and burnishing roll surfaces, of means for revolving one of said dies relatively to the other, and means for moving one of said dies toward and from the other.

3. The combination with a stationary die having a conical surface, of a second die having a conical surface concentric with said The combination with stationary mechf anism comprising a die having a conical surface, of revoluble mechanism comprising a die having a conical surface concentric with said surface first named, a reciprocatory mechanism supporting said revoluble mechanism in adjustable relation to said stationary mechanism, and adjustable means for limiting the movement of said reciprocatory mechanism and the space between said dies. l G. The combination with mechanism comprising a die and a column, a sleeve movable longitudinally on said column, a head revoluble about said sleeve, and a die fixed to said head and adapted to coact with said die yfirst named in burnishing rollers.

*'r'. The combination with mechanism comprlsmg a stationary die having a conical surface, supporting means concentric with Ysaid surface. mechanism for means in the direction of the axis of said surface, and revoluble mechanism carried by said means and comprising' a die having one or more conical surfaces concentric with said surface first named.

@.lllhe combination with a bed and a. die

fixed thereto, of means for holding rollers on said die, means for feeding rollers to said means first named, mechanism comprising a die adapted to coact with said die rst named upon rollers held by said 'means first named,

`and mechanism for revolving said mechanism first named and reciprocating 1t with relation to said bed to change thedistance between said dies.

9. The combination with a bed and a die fixed thereto, of mechanisms movable to and from said die for holding and releasing devices to be burnished thereon, mechanisms movable with relation to said die for feeding said devices to said die, mechanisms for moving the mechanisms aforesaid in synchronous relation, and a revoluble device and a die fixed thereto for coactin with said die first named in burnishing sai devices.

10. The combination with a stationary die, of a feeding device adapted to .revolve and reciprocate 4with relation to said die, a second die, and means for revolving and reciprocating sind second named die with relation to said first named die.

11. The combination with a bed, of a feeding device journaled and movable transversely on said bed, a revoluble shaft, and

reciproca tingv said llU means whereby said shaft revolves said device and moves it transversely.

i 12. The combination with a bed, of a feed gear journaled and movable transversely relatively td said bed, a revoluble shaft, mechanism comprising gears whereby said shaft revolves said gear, and mechanism comprising a cam and a rod whereby said shaft moves said gear.

18. The combination with a bed provided with a die and means for holding articles on said die, of a revoluble and transversely movable device for feeding said articles to said` die and holding means, a revoluble shaft, means whereby said shaft revolves said device, and means whereby said shaft elevates said device.

14. The combination with mechanism comprising a stationary die, of a revoluble and transversely movable device for feeding articles to said die, ieciprocatory mechanism for holding said articles on said die, a revoluble shaft, means whereby said shaft revolves said device, and means whereby said shaft elevates said device and mechanism in synchronous relation to deliver articles t0 and discharge them from said die.

15. The combination with mechanism comprising a revoluble and transversely movable feeding device, a holding device, a revoluble head, reciprocatory mechanism for carrying said head and moving said holding device, a revoluble shaft, means whereby said shaft revolves said feeding device constantly, means whereby said shaft elevates said feeding device intermittently, and means whereby said shaft operates said reciprocatory mechanism intermittently.

16. The combination with a bed and a column xed thereon, of a sleeve movable longitudinally on said column, a rod movable through said column to move said sleeve means comprising a spring acting on said rod to apply pressure to said sleeve, a head ,revoluble on said sleeve, a bed, a feeding device revoluble and movable transveisely with relation to said bed, a cage for holding articles between said bed and head, a revoluble shaft, means whereby said shaft operates said rod to move said sleeve longitudinally, means whereby said shaft moves said device transversely, and means whereby said shaft revolves said device.

17. rlfhe combination with a bed provided with a conical die and conduits for articles discharged from said bed, of a revoluble head provided with a conical die adapted for coperation with said` die first named, and means for moving said revoluble head axially with relation to said bed.

18. The combination with a bed )rovided with a conical die, of a cage for hol ing articles on said die, a revoluble head provided with a conical die adapted for cooperation with said die first named, supporting means on which said head is revoluble, means for moving said supporting means in the direction of the axisof revolution of said head, and means for regulating the distance said head is movable toward said bed.

19. The combination with mechanism coinprisin a bed, of mechanism comprising a revolu le head adapted to coperate with said bed, and mechanism comprising a revoluble device having an inclined surface for lregulating the relation of said head to said 20. The combination with a bed provided with a die, of a revoluble head provided with a die adapted for coperation with said die first named, means for moving said head axially, and means comprising a pair of engaging devices having inclined surfaces for limiting the movement of said head toward said bed.

21. The combination with a bed provided with a dieof a revoluble head provided with a die adapted for cooperation with said die first named, means for movingsaid head axially, means comprising a revoluble device having an inclined surface for limiting the movement of said head toward said bed, and a revoluble worm shaft for turning said dev1ce.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name this 23rd day of January, 1918.

TRACY V. BUCKWALTER. 

